Science

Bubble Chemistry Lab

RQ: How does the addition of glycerine, corn syrup, or salt affect the physical properties of bubbles? Hypothesis: I think that the glycerine solution will make the biggest bubbles, because it is more like soap, and that’s the main ingredient in bought bubbles. IV: The solution used DV: The size of the bubbles Controlled variables: Wind, dust in the air, how hard the bubble is blown, sun burning bubble, fans (if inside)

Materials:
 * 3 beakers, 300ml or greater
 * 100ml and 50ml graduated cylinders
 * Water
 * Liquid dishwashing soap
 * Small bottle of glycerine
 * Corn syrup
 * 3 pipe cleaners
 * Stopwatch
 * Salt
 * Ruler

Procedure: >
 * 1)  Make your bubble solutions, using the three beakers, and label them with masking tape. Stir the solution with a stirring rod until is is homogenous.
 * 1)  Now make a pipe cleaner wand for each solution. Bend the top part of a pipe cleaner so that it’s like a circle on a stick. Do the same with the other two, they must all have the SAME diameter
 * 2)  Test the solutions, blow a buble and catch it on the same wand. Time how long it sits there.
 * 3)  Do this 20 times with each solution
 * 4)  Record your data in the data table found below. Also write down other info you find important
 * 5)  After you have completed the table, add 10 ml of salt to each solution
 * 6)  Blow bubbles from each, and record obserations
 * 7)  For each solution, calculate the average time that the bubble lasted (in seconds)
 * 8)  Make a graph for your data. For each solution, record the average time that the bubble lasted
 * 9)  Complete a lab write up according to criteria. Use the bibliography to carry out your research

Chapter 5- Chemistry book. Questions 1-9 pages 40-46

1. Give two examples of solutions: a) found at home - Stock cube dissolved into water, b) found in a laboratory - metal alloys from when two metals are dissolved into each other. 2. What is special about an alloy? How do the properties of a alloy make it useful? - An alloy is a metal that is made up of different metals, for example brass is made from copper and zinc. When mixing two metals, you can combine two of their properties: weight and strength. 3. Which contains the largest particles, a colloid, a suspension or a solution? A suspension contains the the largest particles because they don't mix, but sink to the bottom of the liquid. 4. Imagine you are stranded on a desert island and need water to drink. How could you separate a sand and water mixture? Will the water be pure? To separate the sand from the water, pour it through a filter and the sand will stay on the other side. The water will still not be pure because it will still contain bacteria. To get rid of them, you could evaporate the water and then collect it, then it would be completely pure. 5. At what temperature does pure water boil? Does ink boil at the same temperature? Pure water boils at 100 degrees celcius (I have no idea in farenheit). Ink doesn't boil at the same temperature, because it has a different consistency. 6. You are given a mixture of alcohol and water. Describe how you would separate them. Explain why your chosen method works. To seperate alcohol from water, I would use simple distillation. I would boil the liquid to 100 degrees and then collect the evaporated water. This works because water has a lower boiling point than alcohol, and they can be separated. 7. I don't understand the last three questions 8. " " 9. " "

Chapter summary - pages 47-48 1. C - melting is not a method of separation 2. B - Fractional distillation seperates liquids which have different boiling points 3. D - check book to see which statements are true 4. C the colour of raw sugar is removed by filtering 5. a) Which liquid in the separating funnel, X or Y, is more dense? Give a reason. Liquid X is more dense, because it can float on the top of the other liquid. b) Name two liquids that could be separated by this method. Oil and water c) A third liquid, Z, is added to the funnel. It is insoluble in X but soluble in Y. Describe what will happen when the mixture is shaken. When the mixture is shaken, Z and Y will become A and then X will float on the top of A. d) How else can you separate liquid mixtures? You can distill them and the one that has the lower boiling point will evaporate, leaving the other one in the first state. 6. I didn't understand the text part, so I'm not really sure what to write. 7. a) Describe three different separations carried out in the manufacture of pure sugar. The juice is evaporated to remove some of the water in it. The concentrated liquid is boiled to separate sugar crystals. Then it is spun in a centrifuge to separate raw brown sugar from the molasses. b) Name two other products made from sugar cane. Rum, and syrup are made from sugar cane. c) How could you remove the colour from brown sugar in the laboratory? You would use a chromatogram. 8. a) Describe three different examples of filtration at home or school. When my dad makes coffee, the water is filtered through the crushed beans, to give it flavour. The same thing with tea, apart from the water is filtered through a bag. And there are HEPA filters in the air conditioning units that remove particles from the air. b) A student says that using a teabag is an example of filtration. Is this true? Explain you answer. Yes, I think it is true because when the water is exiting the teabag, it is filtered so that all of the leafs don't come in the tea, but the flavour does. c) Name two products distilled from crude examples and give a use for each. You can distill crude oil to create petroleum, which is used to fuel vehicles and powerplants. Diesel can also be distilled from crude oil, and it has the same usage of petrol. 9. I don't understand the last 2 questions

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Chapter one Summary - Questions 1-17 on pages 8-9 due Thursday, 30th September, 2010

> || Relative Charge: +1 || Relative Charge: 0 || Relative Charge: -1 || > || Relative Mass: 1 || Relative Mass: 1 || Relative Mass: 1/1836 || ii. An atom that has 11 protons also has 11 electrons > iii. An atom that has 11 protons and 12 neutrons has a mass of 23 > iv. You would find this element in group 5 7 i. 2,8,18 iii. 3 & 11 8 i. a. 6p 6n 6e b. 6p 8n 6e iv. they react the same 9 i. because the two main isotopes are 79 and 81, scientists add the two numbers, and then divide by two, giving the most average isotope 10 i. The numbers 2.8.8 are important because they are the amount of electrons that can go each "ring" 11 i. Radioisotopes are used to kill cancer cells ii. Surgery could be both better and worse in this case, because if you have brain cancer, it would be much safer trying to kill the cancer cells with radioactivity than having a doctor putting a stick in your head iii. There are strict rules about the use of radioactive materials because they can easily kill cells if let loose in the environment iv. Carbon dating is good, because it can be used to tell how old an item is, for example a rock or an old bone
 * A
 * D
 * B
 * A
 * C
 * i.
 *  **Protons** ||  **Neutrons**  ||  **Electrons**  ||
 * 1) ii. It is not an ordinary atom because it has less electrons than protons.
 * 2) iii. a. The mass of this particle is 23
 * 3) b. The overall charge is positive
 * 4) c. You would find more of these atoms in group one than any other group

12. i. Fluorine has an atomic number of 9 ii. The mass number is the weight that one atom is, not including the effects of gravity. It is the amount of protons and the number of neutrons put together iii. Fluorine has 9 protons, 10 neutrons and 9 electrons iv. 13. i. P:26 N:30 E:26 ii. P:41 N:52 E:41 iii. P:92 N:143 E:92 14. i. Isotopes are when the number of neutrons in an atom vary slightly ii. P:17 N:35 E:17 P:17 N:37 E:17 iii. The electrons stay the same 15. i  ii  iii

16. i. arsenic has 5 electrons in its outer energy level ii. Bromine has 7 electrons in its outer energy level iii. Tin has 4 electrons in its outer energy level iv. Xenon doesn't have any electrons in its outer energy level 17. i Structures A and F are in group four of the periodic table ii. Structure A represents carbon iii. Structure C represents an element in group seven in the periodic table iv. Structure B represents a noble gas v. Element E is Calcium vi. Element F has 82 protons, making it be Lead vii.